What is a black box? The
“black box” installed in an aircraft actually consists of two important devices whose main purpose is to record important information about the aircraft and, after any accident, to determine the causes of the accident based on this information.

The color of the black box
Interestingly, the color of the black box is actually orange (bright orange) so that it can be easily seen at the scene of the accident. Its black color is only in name.
The two main components of the black box are:
Flight Data Recorder (FDR)
This device records technical data related to the flight of the aircraft. For example, speed, altitude, direction or heading, engine performance, control orders given by the pilot
Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR)
It records conversations between pilots, alarms in the cockpit, and other sounds. Sounds up to a few hours before the accident are stored in it.
How the black box works
It automatically starts recording as soon as the flight begins. It stores data for a specific period (for example, the last 25 hours). In the event of an accident, the investigative agencies recover it and decode it in a special laboratory.
How does the black box avoid being destroyed during an accident?*
The black box is considered one of the most robust machines in the world. It is designed to be safe even in the most extreme conditions.
Safety features of the black box 

Fire protection
It can withstand heat up to 1100°C for 60 minutes.
Water pressure protection
It can withstand water pressure up to a depth of 20,000 feet.
Shock protection
It can withstand 3,400 G force (severe shocks). If
the locator beacon
falls into water, it emits a distinctive “ping” that can be heard for 30 days, so that it can be found.
The role of the black box in the investigation
Immediately after the accident, the investigating agencies (such as the NTSB or ICAO) search for the black box.
After reading its data, the real cause of the accident is known (human error, technical failure, weather, etc.), recommendations are made to avoid such accidents in the future. Sometimes with the help of the black box, the **pilot’s last minute struggle** is also revealed, which can be emotionally very heartbreaking.
Amazing facts 
After the black box is manufactured, it is tested by hammering, blasting, and dropping it into water. Its interior is wrapped in a protective layer of special steel or titanium. Without the black box, the world of modern aviation would be like shooting arrows in the dark.
The black box is not just a tool, but the most reliable witness to the stories behind every air accident. Thanks to it, the causes of many accidents have been known, and aviation is being made safer. This “silent witness” accompanies every flight, it may never speak, but when it does, it does not let the truth be buried.